# Ipamorelin Research References — Full Citation List with DOIs and PubMed Links

> Complete Ipamorelin reference list: 18 primary citations with DOIs, PubMed links, and journal details from the peer-reviewed research literature.

[1] Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thøgersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1390552 PMID: 9849822 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9849822/

[2] Johansen PB, Hansen KT, Andersen JV, Johansen NL. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ipamorelin and other peptidyl growth hormone secretagogues with emphasis on nasal absorption. Xenobiotica. 1998;28(12):1235-1248. DOI: 10.1080/004982598238976 PMID: 9879640 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9879640/

[3] Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(2):106-113. DOI: 10.1054/ghir.1999.9998 PMID: 10373343 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10373343/

[4] Andersen NB, Malmlöf K, Johansen PB, Andreassen TT, Ørtoft G, Oxlund H. The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2001;11(5):266-272. DOI: 10.1054/ghir.2001.0239 PMID: 11735244 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11735244/

[5] Venkova K, Mann W, Nelson R, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Efficacy of ipamorelin, a novel ghrelin mimetic, in a rodent model of postoperative ileus. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009;329(3):1110-1116. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.149211 PMID: 19289567 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19289567/

[6] Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Tyler K, Mohammadi E, Pietra C. Efficacy of ipamorelin, a ghrelin mimetic, on gastric dysmotility in a rodent model of postoperative ileus. J Exp Pharmacol. 2012;4:149-155. DOI: 10.2147/JEP.S35396 PMID: 27186127 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27186127/

[7] Jiménez-Reina L, Cañete R, de la Torre MJ, Bernal G. Influence of chronic treatment with the growth hormone secretagogue Ipamorelin, in young female rats: somatotroph response in vitro. Histol Histopathol. 2002;17(3):707-714. DOI: 10.14670/HH-17.707 PMID: 12168778 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12168778/

[8] Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL. Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;280(1):132-138. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4065 PMID: 11162489 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11162489/

[9] Semenistaya E, Zvereva I, Thomas A, Thevis M, Krotov G, Rodchenkov G. Determination of growth hormone releasing peptides metabolites in human urine after nasal administration of GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, Hexarelin, and Ipamorelin. Drug Test Anal. 2015;7(11-12):1014-1019. DOI: 10.1002/dta.1787 PMID: 25869809 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25869809/

[10] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged Stimulation of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Secretion by CJC-1295, a Long-Acting Analog of GH-Releasing Hormone, in Healthy Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-1536 https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/91/3/799/2843281

[11] Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1702 PMID: 17018654 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/

[12] Sinha DK, Balasubramanian A, Tatem AJ, Rivera-Mirabal J, Yu J, Kovac J, Pastuszak AW, Lipshultz LI. Beyond the androgen receptor: the role of growth hormone secretagogues in the modern management of body composition in hypogonadal males. Transl Androl Urol. 2020;9(Suppl 2):S149-S159. DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.11.30 https://tau.amegroups.org/article/view/33160/28655

[13] Dhillon S. Spotlight on tesamorelin in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. BioDrugs. 2011;25(5):337-338. DOI: 10.2165/11208290-000000000-00000 PMID: 22050344 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22050344/

[14] Ishida J, et al. Growth hormone secretagogues: history, mechanism of action, and clinical development. JCSM Rapid Commun. 2020;3(1):25-37. DOI: 10.1002/rco2.9 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/rco2.9

[15] Helsinn Therapeutics (sponsor). Safety and Efficacy of Ipamorelin for Management of Post-Operative Ileus (NCT00672074). ClinicalTrials.gov. 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00672074

[16] FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. Briefing document review of ipamorelin acetate for 503A bulk drug substance nomination. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2024. https://www.fda.gov/media/182088/download

[17] Body composition, hepatic fat, metabolic, and safety outcomes of Tesamorelin, a GHRH analogue, in HIV-associated lipodystrophy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2026;222:112113. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112113 PMID: 41545261 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41545261/

[18] Effect of tesamorelin in people with HIV with and without dorsocervical fat: Post hoc analysis of phase III double-blind placebo-controlled trial. PMC. 2023. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9947601/

---

A grid-indexed literature digest on Ipamorelin — nineteen primary findings, clean GH pulses, and no commercial position on any of them.